Embedded Systems for Industrial Automation
What are Embedded Systems in Industrial Automation?
Embedded systems serve as programmable control units within larger systems, performing tasks such as controlling line speeds, driving motors, adjusting temperatures, and managing networking equipment.
Unlike Distributed Control Systems (DCS) and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), embedded systems are typically confined to a single computer and are designed for specific functions or process units.
These automation systems are developed using languages like C/C++ rather than traditional IEC61131-3 languages, typically used for PLC and DCS programming. However, there is a growing trend towards using virtual PLCs and Soft PLCs, such as Siemens' S7-1500 vPLC and CODESYS, which can run directly on industrial computers. This trend indicates a convergence of technologies, blending traditional industrial control with modern computing capabilities.
Key Skills for Embedded Systems in Industrial Automation
IPC Technologies
Familiarity with commonly used IPC hardware for industrial applications in embedded systems, including Advantech UNO, SIMATIC IPCs, and Kontron. Engineers should understand the integration, configuration, and maintenance of these IPCs within industrial automation systems.
Embedded Systems Programming
Proficiency in programming languages widely used for industrial automation embedded systems and firmware development, such as C/C++ and Rust. Engineers should be familiar with industry-standard libraries and capable of developing robust and efficient code.
Soft and Virtual PLC Runtimes
Proficiency in deploying virtual and "abstracted" automation technologies, including software-based PLCs and virtual PLC runtimes, such as CODESYS Runtime, OpenPLC, Matiec, TwinCAT, and Node-RED. Engineers should understand how to integrate these virtual solutions with physical hardware and other automation systems to create efficient automation solutions.
Real-Time Operating Systems
Knowledge in deploying and optimizing real-time operating systems (RTOS), such as FreeRTOS, VxWorks, and RTEMS, for maintaining low latency and high reliability in industrial applications. Engineers should be capable of configuring and tuning RTOS for specific automation tasks to ensure optimal performance and reliability.
FPGA Development
Proficient in programming FPGA boards for automation applications using hardware description languages such as VHDL or Verilog. Engineers should be capable of designing, synthesizing, and implementing custom logic circuits to meet specific automation needs, using tools like Xilinx Vivado or Intel Quartus. Experience in debugging, optimizing FPGA configurations, and integrating these programmable devices within industrial automation systems is essential.
GUI Development
Develop customized graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to manage automation systems via mobile and desktop applications. Proficiency in tools and frameworks such as GTK+, Qt, WxWidgets, Electron, Flutter, Android Studio, tkinter, and Slint. Engineers should focus on creating user-friendly, efficient, and responsive GUIs tailored to industrial environments.
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